Nataliya Kobrynska ( 1851– 1920) was a Ukrainian writer, socialist feminist, and activist. Due to the fact that women were not allowed to pursue education beyond the elementary level, she was mainly educated at home and studied several languages: German, French, Polish and Russian and read literature from various counties. In 1884,  Kobrynska organised the Tovarystvo Rus'kykh Zhinok (Association of Ukrainian Women) to educate women by exposing them to literature and by promoting discussions on women's rights. She wrote her first short story "Shuminska" (later known as The Spirit of the Times, in 1883.
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